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sâmbătă, 28 februarie 2015

[JSF Page Author Beginner's Guide] JSF <inputHidden> / HTML5 <input> hidden

The <h:inputHidden> renders an HTML "input" element of "type" "hidden"
Common/basic usage in JSF (I):

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
      xmlns:h="http://xmlns.jcp.org/jsf/html">
 <h:head>
  <title>JSF inputHidden examples</title>        
 </h:head>
 <h:body>
  <h:form>
   Name: <h:inputText value="#{playerBean.name}"/>
   <h:inputHidden value="#{playerBean.age}"/>
   <h:commandButton value="Send" action="data"/>
  </h:form>
 </h:body>
</html>

The <h:inputHidden> will be rendered in HTML as:

<input type="hidden" name="j_idt6:j_idt9" value="0" />

The PlayerBean will be:

package beans;

import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.enterprise.context.SessionScoped;
import javax.inject.Named;

@Named
@SessionScoped
public class PlayerBean implements Serializable {

 private String name = "Rafael Nadal";
 private String age = "0";

 public String getName() {
  return name;
 }

 public void setName(String name) {
  this.name = name;
 }

 public String getAge() {       
  return age;
 }

 public void setAge(String age) {
  this.age = age;
 }
}

At initial request, the hidden value is initialized from bean with 0 (the default value of age field). The hidden value is not modified in page, so, at postback, the hidden value will still be 0.

The data.xhtml page is:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"    
      xmlns:h="http://xmlns.jcp.org/jsf/html">
 <h:head>
  <title></title>         
 </h:head>
 <h:body>
  <!-- View submitted data -->           
  Name: <h:outputText value="#{playerBean.name}"/><br/>                             
  Age: <h:outputText value="#{playerBean.age}"/><br/>                              
 </h:body>
</html>

Data flow in image:
More examples:

Commonly, the above example is the "skeleton" behind one of the next two use cases.

Use case 1 - you may need a hidden value in page - in this case, you can "extract" it via a snippet of JavaScript, as below:

<!-- Get in JavaScript the value of a JSF hidden value -->         
<h:form id="formId1">
 Name: <h:inputText id="playerNameId1" value="#{playerBean.name}"/>
 <h:inputHidden id="playerAgeId1" value="#{playerBean.age}"/>
 <h:commandButton value="Send" action="data" onclick="getHiddenAge();"/>
</h:form>

When the Send button is clicked, before the form is submitted, the JavaScript getHiddenAge() method is invoked. This time, we just alert the hidden value, but you can use it to influence the submitted form values:

<script type="text/javascript">
 function getHiddenAge() {
  alert("The hidden age is: " + document.getElementById("formId1:playerAgeId1").value);
 }
</script>

Use case 2 - sometimes, you need to alter the hidden value based on some conditions -  for example, you can set the hidden value depending on player name. Again, a snippet of JavaScript will be helpful:

<!-- Pass to a bean a new hidden value using a JSF hidden field and a snippet of JavaScript -->        
<h:form id="formId2">
 Name: <h:inputText id="playerNameId2" value="#{playerBean.name}"/>
 <h:inputHidden id="playerAgeId2" value="#{playerBean.age}"/>
 <h:commandButton value="Send" action="data" onclick="setHiddenAge();"/>
</h:form>

The hidden value is initialized form bean with 0, but the setHiddenAge() method will modify its value before submitting the form, based on the player name:

<script type="text/javascript">
 function setHiddenAge() {
  var playername = document.getElementById("formId2:playerNameId2").value;
  if (playername === "David Ferrer") {
      document.getElementById("formId2:playerAgeId2").value = "32";
  } else if (playername === "Andy Murray") {
      document.getElementById("formId2:playerAgeId2").value = "27";
  } else {
      document.getElementById("formId2:playerAgeId2").value = "28";
  }
 }
</script>

Further, let's see a dummy case of using the <h:inputHidden>

Common/basic usage in JSF (II) - dummy usage (check this code):

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
      xmlns:pt="http://xmlns.jcp.org/jsf/passthrough"       
      xmlns:h="http://xmlns.jcp.org/jsf/html">
 <h:head>
  <title>JSF inputHidden examples</title>        
 </h:head>
 <h:body>
  <h:form id="formId3">
   Name: <h:inputText value="#{playerBean.name}"/>
   <h:inputHidden id="playerage3" value="28"/>
   <h:commandButton value="Send" action="#{playerBean.save1()}"/>
  </h:form>
 </h:body>
</html>

The <h:inputHidden> will be rendered in HTML as:

<input id="formId3:playerage3" type="hidden" name="formId3:playerage3" value="28" />

The PlayerBean will be:

package beans;

import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.enterprise.context.SessionScoped;
import javax.faces.context.FacesContext;
import javax.inject.Named;

@Named
@SessionScoped
public class PlayerBean implements Serializable {

 private String name = "Rafael Nadal";
 private String age = "0";

 public String save1() {
  // extract the hidden value from request parameter map
  String playerage = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance().getExternalContext().getRequestParameterMap().get("formId3:playerage3");
  // print the extracted value
  System.out.println("Player age: " + playerage);
  // set the bean field, 'age', equal to the extracted value
  this.age = playerage;
  // navigate to 'data.xhtml' page
  return "data";
 }

 public String getName() {
  return name;
 }

 public void setName(String name) {
  this.name = name;
 }

 public String getAge() {
  return age;
 }

 public void setAge(String age) {
  this.age = age;
 }
}

In PlayerBean, we can easily extract the hidden value from the request parameter map - the JSF getRequestParameterMap() method returns the submitted request parameters as a Map of type parameter name = parameter value (the parameter name represents the component clientId generated by JSF (e.g. formId1:playerage1)). This map can be inspected in browser via specialized tools - for example, in Mozilla Firefox, the request parameter map will be (the hidden field was highlighted):
We need to use the getRequestParameterMap() method, because the hidden value was hard coded in page, it wasn't linked to a bean field via a ValueExpression. The hidden value is used to set the bean field, age, right inside the bean (manually in the save1() method). Further, the application navigates to another page, named, data.xhtml:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"    
      xmlns:h="http://xmlns.jcp.org/jsf/html">
 <h:head>
  <title></title>        
 </h:head>
 <h:body>
  <!-- View submitted data -->           
  Name: <h:outputText value="#{playerBean.name}"/><br/>                             
  Age: <h:outputText value="#{playerBean.age}"/><br/>  
 </h:body>
</html>

Data flow in image:
Note In the above example we have hard coded the hidden value. This is a pretty dummy usage, because we don't exploit the JSF component itself. Basically, in such cases, we can achieve the same thing by replacing the <h:inputHidden> with the HTML markup, as below:

<!-- Pass to a bean a new hidden value using the HTML markup instead of JSF hidden field -->        
<h:form id="formId4">
 Name: <h:inputText value="#{playerBean.name}"/>
 <input type="hidden" id="playerage4" name="playerage4" value="28" />
 <h:commandButton value="Send" action="#{playerBean.save2()}"/>
</h:form>

This time the save2() method has a slight, but important, modification. Since this is plain HTML, we don't have a clientId (JSF generates this for JSF components only, not for plain HTML elements), we simply use the ID, playerage4:

public String save2() {
 // extract the hidden value from request parameter map
 String playerage = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance().getExternalContext().getRequestParameterMap().get("playerage4");
 // print the extracted value
 System.out.println("Player age: " + playerage);
 // set the bean field, 'age', equal to the extracted value
 this.age = playerage;
 // navigate to 'data.xhtml' page
 return "data";
}

Complete source code on GitHub.
See also Mkyong.com.
More resources on Constantin Alin, ZEEF page.
InputHidden in JSF Extension on JSF ShowCase ZEEF page.

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